Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Waa iskaashi dheef wadaag dhex mara dowladda iyo shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay si loo fuliyo mashruucyo waaweyn ama adeegyo muhiim ah. Waxaa uu ku saleysan yahay in labada dhinac (Dowladda iyo shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay) ay iska kaashadaan maalgelinta, dhismaha, iyo howl galinta mashruucyada, iyadoo la wadaagayo faa’iidooyinka iyo khataraha.
Waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa mashaariicda kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha sida wadooyinka, dekedaha, garoomada diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, tamarta, biyo galinta, caafimaadka, waxbarashada iyo adeegyada kale ee bulshada.
Maxaa Loogu baahan yahay PPP?
Dowladaha waxay badanaa wajahaan dhaqaale yari la xiriirta maalgelinta mashaariicda waaweyn. PPP waxaa ay keentaa xal, iyadoo shirkadaha gaarka ah maalgeliyaan mashruucyada si ay uga helaan faa’iido dakhliga mustaqbalka ka soo xaroon doono.
Shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay waxaa ay leeyihiin xirfado teknoolojiyadeed, khibrad, iyo maamul hufan oo ay dowladda ku tiirsanaan karto.
Faa’iidooyinka ugu waaweyn ee PPP waa:
- Maalgelin fudud: Shirkadaha gaarka ah ayaa keena raasamaalka si loo bilaabo mashruuca.
- Khibrad iyo Teknoolojiyad: Waxa ay leeyihiin xirfado teknoolojiyad casri ah iyo khibrad ku saabsan fulinta mashruucyada.
- Qeybsiga khataraha: Dowladda iyo shirkadaha waxaa ay qeybsadaan khataraha, taasoo fududeysa hirgelinta mashruuca.
Noocyada kala duwan ee PPP
Halkaan waxaan uga hadlaynaa 5 kamid ah nuucyada iskaashiga PPP.
1. Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT):
Shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa mashruuca dhista, ku shaqeysa muddo cayiman, ka dibna ku wareejisa dowladda marka muddadii lagu heshiiyay la gaaro.
Tusaale: Shirkad gaar ah ayaa dhiseyso waddo weyn, waxayna waddadaas maamuleysaa oo qaadaysaa Toll-ka muddo 20 sano ah, kadibna waddada waxaa ay ku wareejin doontaa dowladda.
2. Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO):
Shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa naqshadayso, dhisto, maalgeliso, kadibna mashruuca ku shaqeyso, iyadoo muddada ay ku shaqeyneyso ay faa’iido ka helayso.
Tusaale: Shirkad gaar ah ayaa naqshadaynayso isbitaal cusub, dhisayso iyadoo wixii qarash ah bixineysa, kadibna ku shaqeyso muddo 30 sano ah. Dakhliga isbitaalka waxaa uu ka imaan doonaa adeegyada caafimaad ee uu bixiyo Isbitaalka.
3. Build-Own-Operate (BOO):
Shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay ayaa mashruuca dhista, ka shaqeysiisaa, kadibna milkiso, iyadoo dowladdu heli karto faa’iido ama adeegyo qiimo jaban oo lagu heshiiyey.
Tusaale: Shirkad gaar ah ayaa dhiseysa Shirkad koronto. Waa ay ku shaqeyneysaa iyadaana milkineyso, laakiin dowladda iyo bulshadaba waxaa siineysaa koronto qiimo jaban.
4. Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO):
Shirkad gaar ah ayaa kiraysato mashruuc dowladeed, si ay u horumariso oo uga shaqeysiiso muddo cayiman.
Tusaale: Shirkad gaar ah ayaa kireysata garoon diyaaradeed, si ay u horumariso ugana shaqeysiiso muddo 15 sano ah, dakhliga waxaa ay ka heli doontaa adeegyada garoonka.
5. Management Contract (Qandaraaska Maareynta):
Shirkad gaar ah ayaa la siinayaa qandaraas ay ku maamusho adeeg dowladeed, iyadoo dowladdu leedahay hantida.
Tusaale:Dowladda ayaa shirkad gaar ah qandaraas ugu xirta inay maamusho adeegga biyaha ee magaalo muddo 10 sano ah, iyada oo dowladdu leedahay hannaanka biyaha.
SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle):
Si mashruucyada PPP loo fuliyo, waxaa la sameeyaa SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) oo ah shirkad gaar ah oo loogu talagalay fulinta mashruuc gaar ah. SPV-da waxa ay ilaalisaa maalgelinta iyo khataraha mashruuca, iyadoo ka madaxbannaan shirkadda weyn ee sameysay. Tani waxa ay sahlaysaa in khataraha mashruuca loo xakameeyo si hufan.
Tusaale : Haddii shirkad gaar ah ay wadda ku dhisto BOT, waxa ay sameyneysaa SPV oo si gaar ah u maamusha mashruucaas, iyadoo aysan shirkadda weyn ku lug yeelanin mashruucyadeeda kale.
